纳米材料赋能染料敏化太阳能电池
2024-09-24 · 系列介绍 · 百灵威授权转载
染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）设备的最高效率超过13%[1]，是当今较受关注的一类太阳能电池。它具有工艺简单、成本低廉等优点，其用作染料敏化剂的染料可以从各种自然资源中提取，原料成本低且对环境无污染，符合当前环境友好型器件的要求。由于DSSCs对环境污染物不敏感，对加工环境温度也没有特殊要求，因此很适合在柔性基板上连续地卷对卷印刷生产。此外，DSSCs能有效地利用漫反射，即使在较黑暗的环境中也能工作得很好，在黎明和黄昏或阴天也能保证较高的工作效率，这使得DSSCs成为室内应用的极佳选择，例如安装在窗户和天窗上来满足室内供电[2]。
染料敏化电池（DSSCs）是一种光电化学装置，由染料敏化的光阳极、涂有铂或其他材料的对电极（CE）和夹在阴阳两极之间的电解质组成三明治结构[3]。纳米材料主要被应用于光阳极和对电极两个部分中。
光阳极纳米材料有：
众多研究工作已经探索了使用金属纳米颗粒、合金纳米颗粒、碳材料、过渡金属化合物、导电聚合物等作为对电极的替代材料，以降低成本和提高电池的稳定性[5]。
对电极纳米材料种类齐全、纯度高、导电性好，具体如下：
电解质材料
导电基板
参考文献：
[1] MATHEW S, YELLA A, GAO P, et al. Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2014, 6(3): 242-247. DOI:10.1038/nchem.1861.
[2] GONG J W, SUMATHY K, QIAO Q Q, et al. Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): advanced techniques and research trends[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 68: 234-246. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.097.
[3]王锐,朵永超,张曙林,等.基于掺杂的染料敏化电池光阳极性能的研究进展[J].现代化工,2024,44(S1):87-94.DOI:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2024.S1.017.
[4] Vittal R, Ho K C. Zinc oxide based dye-sensitized solar cells: A review [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70(APR.): 920-935.
[5] 杨滨霞.激光诱导杂原子掺杂石墨烯的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用[D].沈阳师范大学,2024.
高吸光率染料敏化太阳能电池材料
染料敏化电池（DSSCs）是一种光电化学装置，由染料敏化的光阳极、涂有铂或其他材料的对电极（CE）和夹在阴阳两极之间的电解质组成三明治结构[3]。纳米材料主要被应用于光阳极和对电极两个部分中。
产品列表
其中，DSSCs的光阳极是由基底、导电层、半导体层和其上吸附的染料组成，具有吸附染料和收集并传输光生电子的功能[4]，因此，光阳极决定了光电流密度，其中光阳极所用的半导体材料在DSSCs中起到了关键作用。光阳极纳米材料有：
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium(IV) oxide, 99.9%, rutile 二氧化钛(IV) | 1317-80-2 | 948568 |
| Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres, diam:600-2500 nm,SSA:80-157 m2/g,pore size: 4.0-12 nm,pore volume:0.2-0.56 cm3/g 介孔二氧化钛亚微米球 | / | 2748683 |
| Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99.9%, anatase, particle size: 10 - 25 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g 纳米二氧化钛(IV) | 13463-67-7 | 931313 |
| Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99%, particle size: 20 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g 纳米二氧化钛(IV) | 13463-67-7 | 945209 |
| Gold Nanoparticles (100nm diameter, 1 OD, stabilized suspension in phosphate-buffered saline) reactant free 金纳米粒子 | 7440-57-5 | 79-0206 |
| Gold Gemini Nanorods, CTAB Free (Wavelength 650 nm) 金纳米棒 | 7440-57-5 | 79-7010 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <10 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 966627 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 1 - 3 nm, layers: <3, size: >50 μm 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 953031 |
| Graphene quantum dots, 1 mg/mL dispersion in water, fluorescence: λem 520 nm 石墨烯量子点 | 1034343-98-0 | 998621 |
| Graphene oxide, 99%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 1.2 nm, diam.: 0.5 - 3 μm, layers: ＜3 氧化石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 934143 |
| Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 2.5% organic solvent dispersion 二氧化锡(IV) | 18282-10-5 | 926676 |
| Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 3% organic solvent dispersion 二氧化锡(IV) | 18282-10-5 | 908545 |
| Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 5% in H2O colloidal dispersion 二氧化锡(IV) | 18282-10-5 | 911753 |
| Tin(IV) oxide, 99.5%, 30 - 80 nm 二氧化锡(IV) | 18282-10-5 | 139476 |
对电极纳米材料种类齐全、纯度高、导电性好，具体如下：
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Platinum nanoparticles, 20% on carbon black (surfactant and reactant-free) 铂黑，20％炭黑（表面活性剂和无反应物） | 7440-06-4 | 78-3032 |
| Cubic Ia3d mesoporous carbon, 99.6%, SSA: 500 m2/g, pore size: 3.2-6.6 nm, pore volume: 0.75-1.1 cm3/g 立方Ia3d介孔碳 | 7440-44-0 | 977413 |
| Ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3, SSA: ≥800 m2/g, pore size: 3 - 7 nm, pore volume: 1.0 - 1.5 cm3/g 有序介孔碳CMK-3 | 7440-44-0 | 926976 |
| Disordered mesoporous carbon, SSA: 1300 - 1500 m2/g, pore size: 5 - 10 nm, pore volume: 2 - 2.5 cm3/g 无序介孔碳 | 7440-44-0 | 980671 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 1 - 3 μm 碳纳米管, 单壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 977980 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 5 - 30 μm, SSA: >640 m2/g 碳纳米管, 单壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 924191 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, 99.9%, reagent grade, inner diam.: 3 - 5 nm, outer diam.: 8 - 15 nm, length: 10 - 50 μm 碳纳米管, 多壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 983835 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, 99.9%, outer diam.: 30-80 nm, length: <10 μm, specific surface area: ≥60 m2/g 碳纳米管, 多壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 921389 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, as produced cathode deposit 炭黑 | 308068-56-6 | 06-0504 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <10 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 966627 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 1 - 3 nm, layers: <3, size: >50 μm 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 953031 |
| Graphene quantum dots, 1 mg/mL dispersion in water, fluorescence: λem 520 nm 石墨烯量子点 | 1034343-98-0 | 998621 |
| Graphene oxide, 99%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 1.2 nm, diam.: 0.5 - 3 μm, layers: ＜3 氧化石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 934143 |
| Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 20 nm, 10%(w/v) dispersion in water, diam.: 150 - 250 nm, SSA:80 m2/g,pore size: 2-5 nm 介孔二氧化硅微球壳层厚度 20 nm | 7631-86-9 | 929676 |
| Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 20 nm, 2.5%(w/v)dispersion in water, diam.:150 - 250 nm, SSA:80 m2/g, pore size: 2-5 nm 介孔二氧化硅微球壳层厚度 20 nm | 7631-86-9 | 999121 |
| Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 60 nm, 10%(w/v) dispersion in water,diam.: 250 - 350nm, SSA: 260 m2/g,pore size: 2-5 nm 介孔二氧化硅微球壳层厚度 60 nm | 7631-86-9 | 943119 |
| Nitrogen doped graphene, 98%, SSA: 100 - 300 m2/g, layers：≤3 氮掺杂石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 900324 |
| 氮掺杂石墨烯量子点 厚度：1-6nm 横向尺寸：＜10nm 氮掺杂石墨烯量子点 厚度：1-6nm 横向尺寸：＜10nm | 7440-44-0 | 102411 |
| N-doped Graphene Sponges (Foams,Aerogel) 氮掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫,气凝胶），尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm,1块 | 7440-44-0 | 102817 |
| B-doped graphene quantum dot (solvent) 硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液，浓度：10mg/ml 溶剂：水 | 7440-44-0 | 103877 |
| B-doped Graphene Sponges (Foams, Aerogels) 硼掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫、气凝胶），尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm，1片 | 7440-44-0 | 103015 |
| Sulfur-doped graphene sponges (S-GS,,Aerogel) 硫掺杂石墨烯海绵（气凝胶），尺寸:直径~1cm，高~2cm,1块 | 7440-44-0 | 102600 |
| 碳化钨 碳化钨 | 12070-12-1 | 778346 |
| Tungsten carbide nanoparticles 碳化钨纳米颗粒，粒径：100-700nm | 12070-12-1 | 103817 |
| 氮化钛 氮化钛 | 25583-20-4 | 595063 |
其他通用材料
染料| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II), 95% 双(异硫氰酸)双(2,2'-二吡啶基-4,4'-二甲酸)钌(II) | 141460-19-7 | 909264 |
| Bis(isothiocyanato)(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)(4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II), 95% 双(异硫氰酸)(2,2'-二吡啶基-4,4'-二甲酸)(4,4'-二壬基-2,2'-二吡啶基)钌(II) | 502693-09-6 | 986744 |
| YD2 YD2 | 1201915-91-4 | Y0011 |
| Bis(tetrabutylammonium) Dihydrogen Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) 双(四丁基铵)二氢双(异硫氰酸)双(2,2'-二吡啶基-4,4'-二甲酸)钌(II) | 207347-46-4 | B3514 |
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Silver hexafluoroantimonate, 97.5% 六氟锑酸银 | 26042-64-8 | 990535 |
| Tetrabutylammonium iodide, 99% 四丁基碘化铵 | 311-28-4 | 183969 |
| Tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate 四正丁基六氟磷酸铵 | 3109-63-5 | 283559 |
| Tetraethylammonium iodide, 98% 四乙基碘化铵 | 68-05-3 | 277169 |
| Ethyltrimethylammonium Iodide, 98% 乙基三甲基碘化铵 | 51-93-4 | 322625 |
| Isopropyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, 98% 异丙基三苯基碘化鏻 | 24470-78-8 | 961366 |
| Methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, 98% 甲基三苯基碘化鏻 | 2065-66-9 | 148495 |
| Tributylmethylphosphonium iodide, 98% 三丁基甲基碘化鏻 | 1702-42-7 | 195604 |
| Tetrahexylammonium iodide, 98% 四正己基碘化铵 | 2138-24-1 | 334491 |
| Trimethylsulfonium iodide, 98% 三甲基碘化锍 | 2181-42-2 | 183238 |
| Tetraphenylphosphonium iodide, 98% 四苯基碘化磷 | 2065-67-0 | 906892 |
| Tetramethylammonium iodide, 99% 四甲基碘化铵 | 75-58-1 | 403619 |
| Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, 99%, electronic grade 四丁基高氯酸铵 | 1923-70-2 | 969396 |
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| FTO glass, L × W × thickness 15 mm × 15 mm × 2.2 mm, surface resistivity 12-14 ω/sq, transmittance: 88%-90%, 1 ea=36 pcs FTO 导电玻璃 | / | 9250409 |
| FTO glass, L × W × thickness 15 mm × 15 mm × 2.2 mm, surface resistivity 6-8 ω/sq, transmittance: 81%-83%, 1 ea=36 pcs FTO 导电玻璃 | / | 9250408 |
| ITO glass, L × W × thickness 15 mm × 15 mm × 1.1 mm, surface resistivity 7~9ω/sq, transmittance: ≥91%, 1 ea=36 pcs ITO 导电玻璃 | / | 9250414 |
[1] MATHEW S, YELLA A, GAO P, et al. Dye-sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2014, 6(3): 242-247. DOI:10.1038/nchem.1861.
[2] GONG J W, SUMATHY K, QIAO Q Q, et al. Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): advanced techniques and research trends[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 68: 234-246. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.097.
[3]王锐,朵永超,张曙林,等.基于掺杂的染料敏化电池光阳极性能的研究进展[J].现代化工,2024,44(S1):87-94.DOI:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2024.S1.017.
[4] Vittal R, Ho K C. Zinc oxide based dye-sensitized solar cells: A review [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70(APR.): 920-935.
[5] 杨滨霞.激光诱导杂原子掺杂石墨烯的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用[D].沈阳师范大学,2024.
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